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HNS Convention
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HNS Convention : ウィキペディア英語版
HNS Convention

The HNS Convention (Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea Convention) is an international convention created in 1996 to compensate for damages caused by spillage of hazardous and noxious substances during maritime transportation. The convention is officially known as the ''International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea'', 1996. The convention has not entered into force due to signatory states not meeting the ratification requirements. Canada, France, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Norway, and Turkey signed the 2010 protocol to the convention.
==History==
In May 1996, the International Maritime Organization organized an international conference in London, where states adopted the HNS Convention. The convention is based on the model of the 1992
International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, which covers pollution damage caused by spills of crude oil from tankers.
In 2009, the convention had still not entered into force due to an insufficient number of ratification. In 2010, a second international conference adopted a protocol to the convention, which came to be known as 2010 HNS Protocol. The protocol was designed to overcome some implementation problems that had discouraged states from ratifying the original convention.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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